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Per a maintainer, this warning is benign: it is a protection that keeps the server from generating timers below the read level (which would skip timers), not a sign of a broken cluster. In the reporter's case it was triggered by setting a workflow execution timeout on a cron workflow; removing the execution timeout stopped the messages. The team later converted it to a metric and lowered the log level to reduce confusion.
Source: https://github.com/temporalio/temporal/issues/425