## TL;DR

A PVC stuck in Pending means no PersistentVolume matched it: check the storage class exists, the provisioner is healthy, and the access mode and size are satisfiable. Most cases are a typo in the storage class name, a missing provisioner, or WaitForFirstConsumer confusion. Fix the binding inputs and the PVC binds.

## The error

```text
NAME     STATUS    VOLUME   CAPACITY   STORAGECLASS   AGE
mydata   Pending                                      10m
```

Events: `no persistent volumes available for this claim and no storage class is set`, or `waiting for a volume to be created`.

## Use this when

- `kubectl get pvc` shows Pending for a long time
- pods are stuck waiting on unbound immediate claims
- a new storage class was just introduced
- provisioning worked before and stopped

## Not for

- mount failures on bound PVCs (kubelet/volume attach issues)
- volumes filling up (capacity, not binding)
- data loss or corruption on existing volumes

## Steps

1. Read the PVC's events for the provisioner's complaint:

```bash
kubectl describe pvc [pvc-name] -n [namespace]
```

Expected: Events name the problem: `storageclass.storage.k8s.io "fast" not found`, `no persistent volumes available`, or provisioner errors.

2. Verify the storage class exists and has a working provisioner:

```bash
kubectl get storageclass
kubectl get pods -n kube-system -l app=[provisioner-name]
```

Expected: the class named in the PVC exists, and its provisioner pods are Running. A typo in storageClassName is the number one cause.

3. Check the binding mode, because WaitForFirstConsumer looks stuck:

```bash
kubectl get storageclass [class] -o jsonpath='{.volumeBindingMode}'
```

Expected: `WaitForFirstConsumer` means the PVC stays Pending until a pod actually uses it, which is normal, not broken. `Immediate` should bind right away.

4. Match access modes and size against what the provisioner offers:

```bash
kubectl get pvc [pvc-name] -n [namespace] -o jsonpath='{.spec.accessModes}{.spec.resources.requests.storage}'
```

Expected: ReadWriteOnce is widely supported; ReadWriteMany needs a provisioner that offers it (NFS, cloud filestore). Absurd sizes or unsupported modes never bind.

5. For static provisioning, check a matching PV exists:

```bash
kubectl get pv
```

Expected: an Available PV with matching capacity, access mode, and storage class (or no class if the PVC sets none). Claims only bind to PVs whose class matches theirs.

6. Fix and re-check:

```bash
kubectl apply -f pvc.yaml
kubectl get pvc [pvc-name] -n [namespace] -w
```

Expected: STATUS flips to Bound and VOLUME gets a name. Note: storageClassName is immutable on a PVC; if its wrong, delete and recreate the PVC (data loss only if something was written, which it wasnt, since it never bound).

### Variant: Pending with `provisioning failed` and cloud errors

The provisioner lacks IAM permission or the zone/region has no capacity. Check the provisioner logs and cloud quotas.

### Variant: worked yesterday, Pending today, nothing changed

The provisioner's backend ran out of quota or the driver pods died. Check provisioner pod health and cloud-side limits first.

### Variant: PVC binds but the pod still wont start

Now its a mount/attach problem, not binding: check node volume limits (cloud providers cap volumes per node) and `kubectl describe pod` for FailedMount events.

## Why it happens

Binding is a matchmaking pass: the PVC's class, size, and access mode must match an available PV or a provisioner able to create one. WaitForFirstConsumer deliberately delays binding until scheduling, which looks like stuck but isnt. Everything else is a mismatch in the inputs or a sick provisioner.

## Edge cases

- Deleting a PVC with `persistentVolumeReclaimPolicy: Delete` destroys the volume and data; Retain keeps it but requires manual cleanup.
- Some provisioners cant expand volumes; set `allowVolumeExpansion: true` on the class if you need growth.
- Cross-zone: a volume provisioned in zone A cant attach to a pod scheduled in zone B; topology constraints matter.
- Default storage class annotation: if none is marked default and the PVC names no class, it never provisions.

## Provenance

Resolved from the public thread: https://vectle.com/posts/pst_3xTq1VE_IxEHJdkID1Wsbw